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13 types of whiskey and what makes them unique
Whiskey is a beloved spirit enjoyed by many around the world. However, not all whiskeys are created equal. Each type of whiskey has its own unique characteristics and production methods that contribute to its distinctive flavor and aroma. In this article, we will explore 13 different types of whiskey and look at what makes them different.
Irish Single Malt
Irish single malt whiskey comes from the Emerald Isle of Ireland. Unlike blended whiskeys, Irish single malt is made exclusively from single-malt barley. It must also be matured in oak casks for at least three years in the same distillery. The aging process and the use of different types of casks can result in a wide range of flavors, from fruity and floral to rich and complex. Bushmills, one of Ireland’s most famous single malt whiskeys, ages its products in sherry and port casks, adding a unique twist to its creations.
Irish Single Grain
Irish single grain whiskey differs from single malt in that it can use one grain or a variety of grains in its production. However, like Irish Single Malt, it must be aged for a minimum of three years and come from a single distillery. Irish single grain whiskeys are often triple distilled and tend to have a sweeter profile. They are often used as ingredients in blended whiskeys, but there are also some standalone examples on the market, such as Jameson’s Black Barrel Proof and Hyde’s Cask Strength 8 Year.
Irish Single Pot Still
Irish single pot still whiskey is a unique style that can only be produced in Ireland. It originated as a cost-cutting measure in the 19th century when distillers began using unmalted barley in their whiskey production. This unconventional choice resulted in a distinctive flavor profile characterized by a grittier and grainier taste. Irish single pot still whiskey is typically made in a pot still, which contributes to its unique qualities. Some popular examples of single pot still Irish whiskeys include Redbreast 12 Year Old Cask Strength and Green Spot.
Highland Scotch
Scotch whisky is synonymous with Scotland, but within Scotland there are several regional styles of whisky. Highland Scotch covers the northern part of Scotland, including the mountains and islands. It is the largest and most diverse whisky region in Scotland. Most whiskies from this region are single malts made from malted barley. The flavor profile of Highland Scotch can vary widely due to the diversity of terrain and distilleries. However, common characteristics include a peaty tone, floral notes and a silky smooth mouthfeel. Oban, Glenmorangie and Talisker are some of the best known Highland Scotch brands.
Lowland Scotch
Unlike Highland Scotch, Lowland Scotch comes from the southern part of Scotland, which is known for its flat and agricultural landscape. Lowland Scotch whiskies are milder and less peaty than their Highland counterparts. They often use grains other than malted barley, such as corn and wheat, and are typically triple distilled in column stills. Lowland Scotches are known for their smoothness and are often referred to as “Lowland Ladies”. Tasting notes commonly associated with Lowland Scotch include honeysuckle, cream, ginger and toffee. Glankinche and Ailsa Bay are examples of Lowland Scotch whiskies worth exploring.
Islay
Islay is a small island off the coast of Scotland that has gained a reputation for producing unique and heavily peated whiskies. Islay Scotches are known for their distinct smoky and earthy flavors, which can be an acquired taste. The island is home to several distilleries that produce complex and robust whiskies. Laphroaig, Ardbeg, and Lagavulin are among the well-known Islay Scotch brands that offer a range of peaty expressions. Islay whiskies are often sought after by adventurous whisky enthusiasts seeking bold and intense flavors.
Speyside
Speyside is another prominent whisky region in Scotland, located in the northeastern coastal area. It is known for its high concentration of distilleries, including famous names such as Glenfiddich, Glenlivet and Cardhu. Speyside whiskies are typically single malts and exhibit a range of flavors. Fruitiness is a common characteristic, with distillers using oak casks for a fruitier flavor and sherry casks for a more earthy and lighter profile. Speyside whiskies strike a balance between the peatiness of Highland whiskies and the smoothness of Lowland whiskies. They often have notes of fruit, vanilla, pear and honey, making them a popular choice for those seeking a sophisticated and approachable whisky.
American Bourbon
Bourbon is a type of American whiskey that has gained worldwide recognition. To be called bourbon, it must be produced in the United States and made from a blend of grains that is at least 51% corn. It must be aged in new charred oak barrels and distilled to a maximum of 160 proof (80% alcohol by volume). Bourbon is known for its rich and full-bodied flavor profile, with notes of caramel, vanilla, and oak. Some popular bourbon brands include Maker’s Mark, Jim Beam, and Woodford Reserve.
Tennessee Whiskey
Tennessee whiskey is similar to bourbon in many ways, but it undergoes an additional step called the Lincoln County Process. This process involves filtering the whiskey through charcoal made from sugar maple trees before aging it in oak barrels. The charcoal filtration gives the whiskey a smooth and mellow character. Jack Daniel’s is the most famous example of Tennessee whiskey, known for its distinctive flavor and smoothness.
Japanese Whisky
Japanese whisky has gained international recognition in recent years for its exceptional quality and craftsmanship. Inspired by Scotch whisky production methods, Japanese distilleries have developed their own unique style. Japanese whisky can vary in flavor, but often has a delicate and refined character. The use of Mizunara oak barrels, native to Japan, adds a distinct spiciness and complexity to some Japanese whiskies. Brands such as Yamazaki, Hibiki and Nikka are highly regarded in the world of Japanese whisky.
Canadian Whisky
Canadian whisky, also known as rye whisky, is a type of whisky produced in Canada. It is typically made from a blend of grains, with rye being a key component. Canadian whisky is known for its smoothness and light body. It is often aged in oak barrels, which contributes to its smooth and approachable flavor profile. Crown Royal and Canadian Club are popular Canadian whisky brands that offer a range of expressions.
Rye Whiskey
Rye whiskey is a type of American whiskey made primarily from rye grain. It has a distinct spiciness and robust flavor profile that sets it apart from other types of whiskey. Rye whiskey can be enjoyed neat, on the rocks, or as a base for classic cocktails such as the Manhattan or Old Fashioned. Bulleit Rye and Rittenhouse Rye are well-known examples of rye whiskey.
Scotch Blended Whisky
Scotch Blended Whisky is a combination of both Malt Whisky and Grain Whisky. Malt whisky is made from malted barley and contributes to the rich and complex flavors, while grain whisky is made from other grains and adds a lighter and smoother character. Blended whiskies allow distillers to create unique flavor profiles by combining different whiskies. Well-known blended Scotch whisky brands include Johnnie Walker, Chivas Regal and Ballantine’s.
Corn Whiskey
Corn whiskey is a type of American whiskey that must be made from a mash bill containing at least 80% corn. It is often produced in small quantities and is known for its sweet and corn-forward flavor profile. Corn whiskey is typically aged in new, uncharred or used oak barrels, which allows the sweetness of the corn to shine through. It is a less common type of whiskey, but can be a delightful choice for those seeking a unique and distinctive taste.
Conclusion
Whiskey is a diverse and fascinating spirit with a wide range of styles and flavors to explore. Each type of whiskey mentioned in this article has its own unique production methods, aging requirements, and flavor profiles. Whether you prefer the smoothness of Irish single malt, the boldness of Islay Scotch, or the richness of American bourbon, there is a whiskey for every palate. So raise your glass and embark on a journey to discover the unique charms of each whiskey and the stories behind their creation. Cheers!
FAQS
Irish single malt whiskey is made exclusively from single malted barley, while Irish single grain whiskey can use a variety of grains in its production. Single malt has a more focused and distinct flavor profile, while single grain tends to be sweeter and smoother.
What makes Islay Scotch Whisky unique?
Islay Scotch Whiskies are known for their distinctive smoky and earthy flavors. They are heavily peated, which means the barley used in their production is dried over peat fires, resulting in a strong smoky taste that sets them apart from other Scotch whiskies.
What is the difference between Highland and Lowland Scotch Whisky?
Highland Scotch Whiskies are known for their peaty tones, floral notes and silky smooth mouthfeel. In contrast, Lowland Scotch whiskies are milder and less peaty, often using grains other than malted barley, and are triple distilled. Lowland Scotches have a smoother profile with flavors such as honeysuckle, cream, ginger and toffee.
What makes Japanese whisky different from other types of whisky?
Japanese whisky has gained international recognition for its exceptional quality and craftsmanship. Inspired by Scotch whisky production methods, Japanese distilleries have developed their own unique style. Japanese whisky is often delicate, refined and can exhibit a wide range of flavors. The use of Mizunara oak casks, native to Japan, adds a distinct spiciness and complexity to some Japanese whiskies.
What is the difference between Bourbon and Tennessee Whiskey?
While both Bourbon and Tennessee Whiskey are American whiskeys, Tennessee Whiskey undergoes an additional step called the Lincoln County Process. This involves filtering the whiskey through charcoal made from sugar maple trees before aging it in oak barrels. This charcoal filtration gives Tennessee Whiskey its distinctive smoothness and mellow character, setting it apart from bourbon.