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The strange, untold story of fast food fried chicken
Fried chicken has become a popular dish around the world, with its crispy coating and juicy meat appealing to people of all ages. While it is often associated with fast food joints and comfort food, the history of fried chicken is much more fascinating and complex than you might imagine. In this article, we will take a deep dive into the untold history of fast food fried chicken, exploring its ancient origins, cultural influences, and commercialization. Let’s explore this delicious dish’s journey through time.
The Ancient Roots of Fried Chicken
Contrary to popular belief, fried chicken has a history that predates the establishment of fast-food joints by thousands of years. In fact, the origins of this delicious dish can be traced back to the Roman Empire, which lasted from 27 B.C. to 476 A.D. A cookbook called “De Re Coquinaria” reveals that fried chicken was invented during this time by the ancient Roman cook Marcus Gavius Apicius. His recipe, known as “Chicken à la Fronto,” involved frying the chicken in oil and liquamen (fish sauce) and seasoning it with various herbs and spices. This ancient recipe demonstrates the early roots of fried chicken and its enduring appeal.
Scottish immigrants bring fried chicken to America
Although fried chicken is often associated with Southern cuisine in the United States, its introduction to the country can be credited to Scottish immigrants who arrived in the 18th century. While other European countries traditionally baked or boiled chicken, the Scots had been frying poultry since the Middle Ages. A 1773 diary entry by biographer James Boswell recounts a roast chicken dinner he had on the Isle of Skye, underscoring the dish’s early presence in Scotland. However, it was enslaved African Americans who truly popularized and perfected the recipe, adding their own unique spices and cooking techniques.
The Contribution of African American Women
After slavery was abolished in 1865, African American women used their culinary skills to support themselves and their families. One notable example of their entrepreneurial spirit can be found in Gordonsville, Virginia. This small town became an important stop on two railroad lines, and African American women seized the opportunity to provide fried chicken, pies, and biscuits to hungry travelers. Known as “waiter carriers,” these women would stand on the platform and hand their wares to passengers through the train windows. Unfortunately, with the introduction of dining cars and tighter regulations, this unique tradition came to an end. However, Gordonsville still proudly bears the title of “Fried Chicken Capital of the World” in honor of the African-American women who played a significant role in its culinary history.
The first American fried chicken recipes
The first documented mention of fried chicken in the United States can be traced back to Virginia Governor William Byrd in the early 18th century. However, it wasn’t until 1824 that a recipe for fried chicken appeared in an American cookbook called “The Virginia Housewife. This recipe advised cooks to coat the chicken in flour, sprinkle with salt, and fry in lard until golden brown. Another even older recipe for American-style fried chicken can be found in a British cookbook called “The Art of Cookery Made Plain and Easy,” published in 1747. These early recipes laid the foundation for the countless variations of fried chicken we enjoy today.
The evolution of fried chicken as a popular dish
Before World War II, fried chicken was considered a special occasion dish because of the labor-intensive process involved in its preparation. The chicken had to be slaughtered, plucked, cleaned, chopped, coated, and fried, making it a time-consuming endeavor. However, with the advent of fast food and commercialization, fried chicken became more accessible and popular. Colonel Harland Sanders, the founder of KFC, played a major role in popularizing fast food fried chicken. He introduced a commercial pressure cooker to fry his chicken, reducing cooking time and making it more convenient for consumers. Today, KFC is one of the largest fast food chains in the world, serving its signature blend of 11 herbs and spices.
Conclusion
The history of fast food fried chicken is a testament to the cultural influences, entrepreneurial spirit, and culinary creativity of diverse communities. From its ancient Roman origins to its American evolution, fried chicken has captured the hearts and taste buds of people around the world. Its enduring popularity and countless variations reflect the universal appeal of this crispy, flavorful dish. So the next time you indulge in a piece of fried chicken, take a moment to appreciate the rich history that accompanies this beloved fast food staple.
FAQS
When was fried chicken invented?
Fried chicken can be traced back to the Roman Empire, which lasted from 27 B.C. to 476 A.D. It was mentioned in a cookbook called “De Re Coquinaria” by Marcus Gavius Apicius, a famous Roman cook from the 1st century AD.
Who brought fried chicken to the United States?
Scottish immigrants brought the recipe for fried chicken to the United States in the 18th century. They had a tradition of frying poultry, which they continued in their new home. But it was enslaved African Americans who popularized the dish and added their own unique twists.
How have African-American women contributed to the history of fried chicken?
After slavery was abolished, African American women used their culinary skills to support themselves and their families. They played a significant role in the commercialization of fried chicken, especially in places like Gordonsville, Virginia, where they served the dish to passing train travelers.
What role did Colonel Harland Sanders play in the popularity of fast food fried chicken?
Colonel Harland Sanders, the founder of KFC, played a pivotal role in popularizing fast food fried chicken. He introduced a commercial pressure cooker for frying chicken, significantly reducing cooking time and making it more convenient for consumers. His unique blend of 11 herbs and spices became synonymous with KFC’s signature taste.
How did fried chicken go from a special-occasion dish to a fast-food staple?
Before the commercialization of fried chicken, it was considered a special occasion dish because of the labor-intensive process involved in its preparation. However, with the rise of fast food and advances in cooking technology, such as pressure cookers, fried chicken became more accessible and convenient. This led to its widespread popularity as a fast food staple.
Are there any specific cultural influences on the variations of fried chicken?
Yes, fried chicken has been adopted by different cultures around the world, each adding their own unique flavors and cooking techniques. For example, Southern-style fried chicken in the United States is often seasoned with a blend of spices, while Asian variations may include soy sauce or other regional ingredients. The cultural influences on fried chicken have contributed to its diverse and delicious range of flavors.